Field Reporters Field reporters are usually known are as correspondent they usually have to go to the scene of the event and get facts then report back to the studio or they have to get a report and present live on TV. When we see the field report we usually see the reporter at the scene of the event and then graphics saying who they are and where they are for example at 1:47:05 we see the reporter explain the stages and we also see the graphics which is on top and says the reporter is live in 'Westminster'. Another convention we see is that the field reporters seem to dress smart always as we see at 1:50:00 the reporter is dressed smart as we see him wear a full suit which makes him look important and intelligent, we also seem to see the reporters have a good understanding about the political background as he explains a lot and this allows the audience to know more because the reporters can go in more detail Links to studio links to studio is when there is an event which has happened at random and now the reporter has gone to investigate but they usually do not have that much information or facts as the incident may happened drastically, this is why the reporter usually just explains what they can see and usually the reporter assumes a lot. Links to studio is when the presenter from the studio asks question to the reporter who is at scene. In this news report we see the link to studio at 2.13.05 as the reporter is explaining the pound drop then the presenter from the studio asks if the pound value would bounce back in a few days then we see the reporter explain, we also see that the news shows covers as it unfolds, by this i mean they tell us all the detail they get for example 2:12:38 we see the presenter quickly go to the reporter who has new information about stock level and the pound. Mode of Address to Viewer Mode of address is how it appeals to the audience, by this i mean does how they speak does it aim towards a specific audience for example at 01:47 we see a female speak very formally in good English, this tells us that it is not aimed at the younger audience because if it was they would have tried speaking less formal, we also see that the guests and presenters are well educated as they have a good understanding of politics because at 2 min of the news they speak how voting out has affected the UK. Another convention we see expert and well educated people being interviewed for example 02:59 we see a doctor giving his opinion as he campaigned to leave the European union. Interviewing Experts and Witnesses interviewing expert is some who specialises in the specific field or industry as they have been educated or they've been studying for a long time. interviewing a witness is some one who actually saw what happened or was at the scene of the incident. An example of interviewing an expert would be at 1:23:08 because we see the main campaign leaders for leave give a speech and talking about the how the UK will benefit. This news doesn't have any witnesses as it is more about the result which has just come in but they usually would make a vox pot for the next day so they can show it to the public. We also see the presenters asks question to the expert for example at 1:30:42 we see the presenter ask a question to the leader of labour. Report Structure Report structure is basically how news present the information example in the above news report we see them start off with the sign in and context, by this i mean they say who the reporter is and what they are reporting, for example at 2:12;39 we see the presenter introduce the reporter who is Simon Jack and then he says the reporter has information about stock level and the pound level then we see the reporter explain. Another element we see for report structure is that news often like to have graphs to give the audience better understanding for example at 55:16 we see the reporter having a map of the UK then has a graph to show where in the country voted leave and remain. We also see them use archive footage this is clip has been recorded already for example at 3:00:02 we see the arcade footage of the last EU referendum.
Actuality footage Actuality footage is when we see footage from the actual scene, for example in the above example at 1:05:09 we see actual footage of leave campaign people celebrating, the reason showing is very clear to show that everyone is happy with the outcome, we also see it being used while the person is giving a speech this is so that the audience do not get bored of seeing the lady , they use very less actuality footage as they may have shown it before or do not have a long clip.
Docu drama is a documentary which is based on real events but displayed as a drama. People may think it is a re construction but it really is not. These docu dramas avoid having too much voice over as they do not want make it look like an documentary.
In the above example we see hutu refugees going to the refugee camp as they are being attacked by the tusi, and we see in this clip that the refugees are trying to run away from the military as the government wants to half population of the country. An convention we see in docu soap is that the content is mostly focus on the facts of the event for example in the above clip at 0.05 seconds we see all the refugees leave the hotel and get in the trucks to go to the refugee camp, this is what happened in the real life story, Another convention we see is that docu soap do not have any commentary throughout the whole clip above because it is more of a drama than a documentary. Another convention we see is the use of film and narrative technique because in the above clip at 3;15 we see them show the narrative clearly and it also shows the scene in detail as we can see all the action which has taken place.
Docu soap
Docu soap is a television documentary which shows the actual lives of people being actually filmed, by this i mean we may follow a person and see what their day to day life contains. Docu soaps show a range of story lines, however we may follow same person every week to see new issues or problems they solve.
The example i have chosen is called The Airport this is a docu soap as we follow the same people for a series of time and we see them deal with different problems. Docu soap contains a lot of drama in them because we see a lot of drama take place for example at 20:40 we see that the some of the plane passengers have been drinking a lot, this means that they may be flight risk this is why it effects them. Another convention we see in docu soap is that they mostly leave with a cliff hanger for example at 22:10 we see that they give a snippet of next weeks shows as they say the airport will have a decoration overnight this interests the audience at home, this means they'll tune in next week to see what happens. Another convention is that throughout the whole episode we have commentary or a voice over who acts like an presenter for example at 22min it says "next time", this means that there presenter is actually not physical.
Infotainment
Infotainment is basically information which is based upon programming, this may include content like entertainment, this is because the want more audience to watch the programe and also make it more popular so more of the audience know about.
The above example i have used is called The Gadget Show as it is information based and it also is entertaining as they have content which is fun to watch. Infotainment programe have different conventions, one convention infotainment shows have is that it crosses the line between journalism and entertainment because at 2:31 we see the presenter go and ask the expert about TV's, then the presenter adds own opinion and they do experiment which entertains the audience. Another convention is that infotainment usually involves big personalities in terms of the presenters because at 9.01 we hear the presenter which has a very friendly voice which we feel welcomed to and also they way she speaks get more audience interested. Another convention they use is presentation of facts, by this i mean it in order for example at 1 min the presenter talks about the 4K TV'S and then we see them say facts then we see the expert talk about the 4k TV in detail.
Reality TV
Reality TV is when the program has content which follows actually event and the program often features ordinary people rather than professional actors. By following ordinary people you get to see the life style this entertains a lot of the audience.
The above example i have chosen is Keeping up with the Kardashians as this is a programe which is a reality TV as it goes in detail about their life style. A convention we see being used is the construct of the characters and narratives for example at 5;38 we see Kim Kardashian getting make up put on her face and she is telling us a story, this means the audience know the show revolves around that character.Another convention we see in reality TV is that in the recent year it has started to focus on the celebrities because at 12.03 we see the ,mansion the Kardishian live in, however the kardashian weren't that famous from the beginning as they featured in another show and this is where we saw Kim Kardashian as a stylist, so from an ordinary person she want to being famous. Another convention we see in reality TV is that they have a bit of background music for example 19;03 we hear a background music, this keeps it a lot interesting as sometimes it can get boring hearing people speak for a long time.
Educational TV
Educational TV is programs which teaches you and have no other purpose, many children programes are educational as they teach the children different things. Educational TV make us learn new things and it also allows us to explore in new things.
The above example is called Air Crash Investigation, this programmes educates the audience as it tells us how planes are operated and we also find out what causes plane crashes.A convention we see in educational programmes is that it's very factual for example at 3;09 we the presenter give us a fact that the plane was very big as it fit 500 passenger and also says it's bigger than other planes in the sky. Another convention we see is that we we learn through the main character for example at 6;02 we see that the engine smoke up through that we understand if one of the engine break it can cause the plane to crash. Another convention we see is that they have a presenter which is explaining everything for example at 5;56 the presenter explains what an ecam is as the presenters says the ecam is used to see if there is any malfunction with the plane.
Wildlife Documentaries
Wildlife documentaries is a programme which features animals or non-human living creatures. Many of the wildlife documentary allow the audience gain facts about animals and also it shows the presenters in the habitat of the animals.
The above example i have used is called 'Deadly 60' this programme we see animals feature in them and we learn facts about different animals. One convention we see in wildlife documentary is that it in directly teaches the audience as it has a lot of facts about the animal for example at 0;40 sec we see the presenter tell us that although the snakes head is short it can have big size food. Another convention is that we mostly see males do the wildlife documentary and often they are white and have a middle class voice for example at 1 min we see the presenter who's white and they also have nice middle class voice which the audience enjoys as it clear and easy to understand. Another convention we see in wildlife documentary is that it has handheld camera footage because they are going to natural habitat where animals live for example at 1;06 we see the camera man holding the camera as they cannot have a lot of equipment as it can scare the animals also to record drastic footage you need to be fast.
Special Interest Documentary
Special interest documentary is when the documentary focuses on a niche subject and also it will appeal to a small audience as not everyone will be interested in the subject, often all the documentary are not shown on mainstream TV as they do not appeal to everyone.
The above example i have chosen is a programme called 'Great Canel Journeys', this is a special interest programme as they focus on a interest which appeals to a niche audience by this i mean that not everyone finds canal's interesting. A convention we see mostly in special interest programmes is that the always have one presenter for example at 00;31 we meet the presenters, this is where we see two presenter husband and wife doing the introduction. Another convention we see is that special interest programmes appeal to a very specific culture for example at 10.50 there are going through different canal, not everyone is interested in canals. Another convention we see in special interest programmes is that the camera is handheld as you can see 09;09 we see the camera being handheld as the camera moves up and down and also there would not be enough space for them to have put a tri-pod on the boat.
Make Over Show
An make over show is when we go through a development stage by this i mean that we will have a situation at the beginning then we will see the development over the show, often the show the public's life is transformed for the better as they may have difficulties or it may be making the environment around them better.
The example i have used for make over show is called '60 Minute Make Over', this programme decorate people houses in 60 minutes, we see the development on the show. A convention we see in make over show is that usually an expert host takes lead in the programme for example at 01:09 we see the designer called stephine, she is the expert in this case as she will design the new look of the house. Another convention we see is that it always involves an issue in their life, for example at the beginning we see them talking about there person they want to surprise that person as she is old and the house needed a modern twits. Another convention is that we see disjoint editing as there is a range of thing happening at the house for example at 14;46 we see them at the room the at 14:48 we see her go back to another room which she visited before.
Discussion
Discussion is usually where we see experts talk about a specific topic and we seem to have a live audience so they can ask the experts questions and what they may do differently. Most discussion are set in studio's as it is more appropriate as you can have the audience and expert in the same room.
The above example i have chosen for discussion is called 'The Big Debate', this is where we see the party leaders debate about what they can offer and we see them talk about the how they may change the government. A convention we see in discussion programme is that usually have serious tone, as you can at 00;01 the tone is very serious as the host does the introduction. Another convention is that we see audience involvement for example at 01;03 the host says the questions are from the audience. Another convention is that the whole show is set in the studio through the 90 minutes. Review show
Review show is when the programme purpose is to just talk about products and also shows the audience positives and negatives and also they often show the product being used, review shows often have a specific field, by this i mean some review shows may just focus on mobile phones.
The above example i have chosen is called 'Fifth Gear', in this show we see them review range of cars, the main focus for this review programme is cars. A convention for review shows is that it will involve one of the presenters trying the actual product out for example at 12:15 we see the presenter testing out the Ferrari, this tells us that they are reviewing the product as it gives details and then says pros and cons about it. Another convention we see is that the presenter doing the voice over review over the archive footage for example at 15:18 we hear a voice over explaining the features of the car. Another convention is that they have experts in the show as well for example at 35:05 we see an expert talking to the presenter about that mud bikes.
Chat Show
Chat shows is when the programme's deals with everyday issues which public face, most of the chat shows are set in the studio as chat shows often get people who are actually facing problems, by doing this the presenter tries to come down to the bottom of the problem, the audience is there for entertainment mostly as the audience get to see other people's lifestyle.
The above example i have chosen is 'The Jerry Springer Show' this is where we see the presenter try to help the people who are on the show with a problem in their life, it makes it public and you can hear both sides of the story and find out who's lying. A convention we see is that chat shows are always based on the studio and there is a live audience for example at 00:56 we see the studio and the audience cheer when the host enters. Another convention we see is that questions are raised towards the guests on the show for example at 05:58 we see the host ask the question to the guest, the response got the audience shocked. Another convention is that on chat show we see guest are drawn from the public and often they are under classed for example at 08:52 we see the guest arguing they look very rough which tells us they are not living well off.
Magazine Show
Magazine show is when the the programme has different elements on the show but focus on special interest, magazine have a studio footage like discussions and also we see recorded footage like expert opinions or even demonstrations.
The above example i have chosen is called ' The Premier League Show' this is a magazine show as they focus on a specific field but they have range of information. A convention we are used to seeing in magazine shows is that they have usually one studio presenter always for example at 13:40 we see the female presenter in the studio asking an expert questions. Another convention we see is that it usually sticks to one specific topic for example at 14:53 we see them show archive footage of football match and we also see throughout whole programme they focus on the football factor. Another convention we see in magazine show is that the use experts to give fact for example at 19:12 we see a expert who is Trevor Sinclair feature and give his opinion on what team he thinks is top 6 in the league.
